EFFECT OF OMEGA-3 FATTY ACID SUPPLEMENTATION IN THE MANAGEMENT OF CANINE ATOPIC DERMATITIS

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the effects of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation in the management of canine atopic dermatitis (CAD), highlighting its efficacy in inflammatory modulation, skin barrier restoration, and symptom control. Atopic dermatitis in dogs is a persistent inflammatory condition marked by intense itching and skin barrier deficiencies, significantly impacting the quality of life of animals. Conventional treatments often fail to completely control the disease, particularly in refractory situations. Omega-3 fatty acids, especially eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) have shown anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. They act to decrease the production of pro-inflammatory mediators derived from arachidonic acid, such as prostaglandins of series 2 (PGE2) and leukotrienes of series 4 (LTB4). Furthermore, these fatty acids stimulate the production of ceramides, which are essential for maintaining the skin barrier, reducing transepidermal water loss (TEWL), and improving skin hydration. Studies indicate that omega-3 supplementation can reduce pruritus by up to 65% after four weeks of use, in addition to reducing the incidence of secondary complications, such as pyoderma and excoriation. These effects are more effective when associated with topical or systemic therapies, such as corticosteroids and cyclosporine. Despite advances, the ideal dose and the ratio between EPA and DHA are still not consensual, and additional studies are needed to standardize protocols. Omega-3 supplementation represents a promising approach in the management of CAD, contributing to more effective control of the disease, improving the quality of life of dogs, and reducing dependence on conventional pharmacological treatments.