International Seven Journal of Multidisciplinary
The International Seven Multidisciplinary Journal (ISMJ) ISSN- 2764-9547 is a journal dedicated to the publication of articles and studies related to all areas of knowledge, with bilingual publications in English, Spanish and Portuguese.
SURGICAL APPROACH TO SPINAL CORD DECOMPRESSION IN DOGS
Intervertebral disc extrusion in dogs represents one of the main causes of acute neurological dysfunction, being responsible for varying degrees of motor and sensory impairment resulting from spinal cord compression. This process involves not only the initial mechanical injury but also the activation of complex secondary mechanisms, including inflammatory responses and oxidative changes that amplify tissue damage (Olby et al., 2022). Given this scenario, surgical decompression is a key strategy. This study consisted of a narrative review of recent literature, focusing on the main surgical approaches used for spinal cord decompression in dogs and their clinical outcomes. Hemilaminectomy remains the gold standard procedure, associated with high rates of functional recovery, particularly in patients with preserved deep nociception (Olby et al., 2022). In contrast, the loss of this function is correlated with a lower probability of locomotor recovery, reflecting greater injury severity (Khan et al., 2024). Regarding complementary approaches, durotomy has not demonstrated a significant impact on functional recovery in severe lesions, suggesting inherent limitations in the reversibility of advanced damage (Jeffery et al., 2024). Additionally, recent evidence indicates that surgical decompression directly influences the systemic inflammatory response, modulating neutrophil activity and potentially attenuating the progression of secondary damage (Van Sandt et al., 2022). In parallel, strategies based on regenerative medicine, such as the use of mesenchymal stem cells, emerge as promising alternatives by promoting immunomodulatory effects and favoring neural repair processes (Chen et al., 2022; Orlandin et al., 2021). Therefore, it is concluded that surgical spinal cord decompression is a fundamental approach in the management of severe intervertebral disc disease (IVDD), with the prognosis directly dependent on the initial severity of the lesion and the earliness of the intervention. Complementarily, the association with regenerative therapies represents a promising strategy in contemporary veterinary neurology.
Copyright (c) 2026 Fabiana Samara Marques Ferreira, Maria Luiza Agresti, Mariana dos Santos Rodrigues, Isabella Machado Crippa, Emanuelle Cristina Souza Pires, Karolina Vitória Machado Locatelli, Victória Capani Bau Segarra https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Equine melanoma is a common neoplasm of melanocytes, especially in gray horses. It exhibits variable biological behavior, making treatment dependent on location, number of lesions, and tumor progression. Surgical excision is considered the primary therapeutic approach, being most effective in early and localized lesions, and is associated with a better prognosis when performed early, since longer intervals between diagnosis and intervention favor tumor progression and increased malignancy (PIMENTA; PRADA; COTOVIO, 2023; PIMENTA et al., 2024). In specific presentations, such as intraocular neoplasms or lesions in complex anatomical regions, treatment may range from monitoring to more invasive procedures, such as local excision or enucleation, depending on the extent and functional impairment (LABELLE et al., 2024; BULNES et al., 2024). Beyond conventional approaches, recent studies highlight the importance of molecular markers, such as E-cadherin, in understanding tumor behavior and prognosis, as well as the potential of targeted therapies, such as the pan-RAF inhibitor LY3009120, which has demonstrated promising antitumor effects in experimental models of equine melanoma, although it still requires clinical validation (PIMENTA et al., 2023; GAO et al., 2024). Therefore, the management of equine melanoma should be individualized, emphasizing early intervention and continuous monitoring, coupled with the advancement of new therapeutic strategies that can improve disease control.
Copyright (c) 2026 Luiza Becker, Olívia Corsini Pasinato, Ana Clara Sangaletti, Emilly Amorim Coelho, Carlos Roberto Cruz Ubirajara Filho, Kaírlla Neris Silva https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
MANAGEMENT OF CANINE HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY
Canine hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a rare primary cardiac condition associated with congestive heart failure, arrhythmias, and sudden death. This study aimed to review the clinical management of this disease in dogs, with emphasis on diagnostic methods, prognostic factors, and therapeutic perspectives. This is a narrative literature review of recent literature on the subject. The analysis of the studies demonstrated that the management of canine hypertrophic cardiomyopathy depends on accurate echocardiographic diagnosis, complemented by biomarkers such as cardiac troponin I, useful in clinical stratification. Furthermore, genetic advances, such as the identification of variants associated with the disease in certain breeds, contribute to screening and prognostic evaluation. The presence of arrhythmias and the involvement of molecular pathways related to myocardial remodeling also influence clinical management and point to new therapeutic possibilities. The management of canine hypertrophic cardiomyopathy should be individualized, based on careful diagnosis, risk stratification, and continuous monitoring. Further studies are needed to consolidate more effective diagnostic and therapeutic protocols.
Copyright (c) 2026 Anna Nogueira Cortada, Mariana dos Santos Rodrigues, Ana Beatriz Matsunaga, Ingrid Isabelly Araujo Rodrigues, Igor Ferreira Both, Aline Hochstetler de Mesquita https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Spotted fever is an acute febrile zoonosis of varying severity, generally developing endemically and with a worldwide distribution, caused by bacteria of the Rickettsiaceae family, specifically Rickettsia rickettsii, Rickettsia sp. Mata Atlântica strain, and Rickettsia parkeri. Due to the severity and rapid progression of clinical symptoms, early diagnosis is vital, and the institution of antibiotic therapy is a determining factor for the survival of affected patients. Therefore, this study aimed to conduct a narrative literature review to synthesize and analyze the most recent scientific evidence related to therapeutic options for spotted fever. The research was conducted in the PubMed database using the descriptor "Spotted Fever," articulated according to the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terminology, including articles published in the last five years, available in full and written in English or Portuguese, and excluding studies focused exclusively on vector ecology without clinical correlation, duplicate publications, and reviews with low methodological rigor. Thus, based on this study, it was possible to adopt and update the therapeutic options for the treatment of Spotted Fever, consolidating doxycycline as the treatment of choice due to its high efficacy and ability to act early in controlling the infection, contributing significantly to the reduction of morbidity and mortality and emphasizing the importance of continuous training of health professionals for the early recognition of the disease.
Copyright (c) 2026 Luiza Becker, Ana Clara Pavan, Emanoelle de Lima Maia, Julia Pereira Bicalho, Rebecca Harumi Nakagima Gonçalves, Fabiola Pessôa Figueira de Sá, Carla Caroline Soares Gomes, Carlos Roberto Cruz Ubirajara Filho, Maria Eduarda Paixão Lima, Juliana Caitano Gonzalez https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION IN FRANCHISE NETWORKS: LEVERAGING TECHNOLOGY TO INCREASE REVENUE AND OPERATIONAL EFFICIENCY
Digital transformation has reshaped organizational coordination, performance monitoring, and customer engagement across multi-unit business systems, including franchise networks. This article investigates how the adoption of enterprise resource planning systems, customer relationship management platforms, data analytics tools, automation technologies, and digital platforms contributes to operational efficiency and revenue generation in franchising. Drawing on empirical and conceptual studies in digital franchising and network governance, the paper analyzes how technological integration enhances decision-making processes, reduces coordination costs, and supports scalable growth. The findings suggest that franchise networks that successfully embed digital infrastructures into governance and operational routines demonstrate improved resource allocation, enhanced customer responsiveness, and more robust financial performance. The study contributes to the literature by examining digital transformation as a structural enabler of performance outcomes in geographically dispersed franchise systems.
Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
STANDARDIZATION OF PROCESSES AND QUALITY CONTROL IN COMMERCIAL KITCHENS
This article analyzes process standardization and quality control in commercial kitchens, considering their relationship with food safety, the organization of production routines and the qualification of the work performed by food handlers, the study was developed through a qualitative, bibliographic and descriptive approach, based on open access scientific articles published between 2018 and 2022, selected according to their relevance to the proposed theme, the discussion was structured around operational standardization, hygienic-sanitary control and the articulation between training, monitoring and continuous improvement, the results indicate that the formalization of work stages contributes to greater production regularity, supports the reduction of nonconformities and increases the predictability of operations in food services, it was also observed that meal safety depends on the integration of good practices, supervision, verification tools and monitoring of environmental conditions, it is concluded that quality in commercial kitchens is consolidated through defined routines, frequent monitoring and continuous team training, elements that strengthen sanitary compliance and the stability of the production process.
Performance indicators in food service: operational efficiency, margin, and productivity
This article analyzes performance indicators in food service, focusing on operational efficiency, margin, and productivity, based on a qualitative and descriptive literature review, the investigation is grounded in the understanding that food service management requires continuous monitoring of results, since the sector involves high cost sensitivity, intense demand variation, the need for coordination among processes, and strong dependence on perceived service quality. Throughout the study, it was observed that operational efficiency is associated with the rational use of resources, the organization of routines, and the ability to convert structure and inputs into consistent results, while margin expresses the economic effects of decisions related to purchasing, production, labor, administration, and market positioning, productivity, in turn, was understood as a dimension related to the use of mobilized resources and to the balance among operational volume, execution quality, and financial return. The results indicate that these three dimensions are interdependent and form a relevant analytical basis for evaluating performance in restaurants and related operations, it is concluded that the use of indicators contributes to more accurate managerial interpretations and to more consistent decision-making in the context of food service.
THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT OF SIALOLITHIASIS: CONSERVATIVE TREATMENT PROTOCOLS WITH SIALOGOGUES AND HYDRATION
Sialolithiasis is a non-neoplastic disease that primarily affects the submandibular glands due to the formation of calculi, known as sialoliths, within the glandular parenchyma or its excretory ducts. The most common signs and symptoms observed are swelling and pain in the affected gland region, which are exacerbated when salivary production is stimulated during meals. Diagnosis can be established through clinical examination during consultation, associated with complementary tests such as radiographs. For the treatment of smaller calculi, conservative management is recommended through a triad consisting of abundant oral hydration, glandular massage, and the use of sialogogues, in addition to adjunctive therapies with anti-inflammatory drugs for pain control. The present study aimed to review and analyze conservative therapeutic protocols based on hydration and the use of substances that stimulate salivary production (sialogogues). This is a literature review based on scientific articles published in the last five years in the PubMed database. The results demonstrated that, depending on the prognosis related to the size, location, and mobility of the calculus, conservative management presents favorable outcomes in cases of smaller sialoliths, avoiding the need for invasive procedures, such as the removal of affected salivary glands. It is concluded that conservative treatment with sialogogues and hydration is an effective approach in cases with a favorable prognosis, contributing to the resolution of the clinical condition and reducing the need for surgical interventions.
REHABILITATION PROTOCOLS WITH ZYGOMATIC IMPLANTS: INDICATIONS FOR SEVERE MAXILLARY ATROPHY AND BONE RESORPTION
The rehabilitation of patients with severely atrophic maxilla represents one of the central challenges in contemporary implant dentistry. The loss of alveolar bone volume, accentuated by maxillary sinus pneumatization and prolonged use of complete dentures, limits or makes the placement of conventional implants unfeasible, thus requiring complementary surgical strategies. In this context, zygomatic implants—originally introduced by Brånemark et al. in the late 1980s as an alternative to extensive bone grafting procedures—have been established as a documented therapeutic option for patients with advanced maxillary atrophy. The present study consists of a comparative analysis of three recent scientific publications: a systematic review on success rates (Solà Pérez et al., 2022), an international consensus report developed by the International Team for Implantology—ITI (Al-Nawas et al., 2023), and a systematic review on clinical indications (Polido et al., 2023). The analyzed data include follow-ups of up to 11.8 years and encompass hundreds of patients across multiple international centers. Cumulative survival rates ranged from 96.1% to 98.5% depending on the follow-up period, with slightly higher rates observed for immediate loading protocols compared to delayed loading (98.1% versus 95.0%). Documented indications include extreme bone atrophy, previous implant or graft failure, oncologic resection, trauma, and congenital defects. The most prevalent complications were maxillary sinusitis (14.2%) and soft tissue dehiscence (34.7%), while prosthetic mechanical failures accounted for 17.8% of the reported adverse events. The body of reviewed evidence supports that zygomatic implants represent a safe, predictable, and long-term effective alternative for the rehabilitation of atrophic maxillae. However, given the anatomical risks involved and the heterogeneity in success criteria adopted in the literature, the procedure should be reserved for centers with specialized surgical and rehabilitative expertise.
PRENATAL DENTAL CARE PROTOCOLS: THE ROLE OF PREVENTION AND ORAL HEALTH PROMOTION DURING PREGNANCY
Pregnancy is a period marked by significant physiological, hormonal, and behavioral changes that can directly influence a woman's oral health and, consequently, impact maternal and child health. In this context, prenatal dental care plays a relevant role in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of oral diseases during pregnancy, contributing to the promotion of adequate health conditions for the pregnant woman and fetal development. The present study aimed to analyze, through a review of recent scientific literature, the main aspects related to prenatal dental care, with emphasis on care protocols, barriers to access to services, and strategies for prevention and promotion of oral health during pregnancy. To this end, a narrative literature review was conducted using the PubMed database, employing the descriptor “Prenatal Dental Care,” according to the terminology of the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH). Articles published in the last five years, available in full text and written in Portuguese or English, that directly addressed the proposed topic were included. The search initially resulted in the identification of 300 records. After applying eligibility criteria and conducting the stages of title and abstract screening, followed by full-text reading, 10 articles met the established criteria and were included in the analysis. The analyzed studies indicate that changes in the oral microbiota during pregnancy may favor the development of periodontal diseases and odontogenic infections, which, when untreated, may be associated with adverse obstetric outcomes. In addition, socioeconomic, structural, and informational factors influence pregnant women's access to dental services. Therefore, it is evident that the integration between dentistry and prenatal care, combined with educational and preventive strategies, is essential to expand access to care, promote oral health among pregnant women, and contribute to better maternal and child outcomes. It is important to emphasize that dental follow-up during pregnancy is of utmost importance to prevent the occurrence of cariogenic disease in both the pregnant woman and the developing fetus, thus representing a strategy capable of protecting children from a source of cariogenic risk during early childhood.
THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT OF CLASS II MALOCCLUSIONS
Objective: To analyze recent scientific evidence related to the therapeutic management of skeletal Class II malocclusions, with emphasis on the effects of functional appliances, the ideal timing of intervention during growth, and aesthetic therapeutic approaches that favor patient adherence. Methodology: A narrative literature review was conducted using the PubMed database, employing the descriptors “Class II correction” and “Retrognathism,” combined with the Boolean operator AND. Articles published in the last five years, available in full text in Portuguese or English, and directly related to the topic were included. Selection was carried out through the analysis of titles, abstracts, and full-text reading of the studies. Results: The literature shows that functional appliances, especially the Twin Block, are effective in correcting skeletal Class II malocclusions, promoting an increase in mandibular length and reduction of overjet. Treatment success is directly related to therapeutic timing, with the pubertal growth peak being the most favorable period for significant skeletal changes. In addition, aesthetic approaches, such as clear aligners with mandibular advancement, demonstrate promising results and greater patient adherence to treatment. Conclusion: The management of Class II malocclusions should be based on accurate diagnosis, identification of the growth stage, and individualized planning. Functional appliances remain an effective strategy, while new technologies expand therapeutic possibilities by combining clinical efficiency with improved aesthetic acceptance.
Daniel Péricles Santos de Menezes Nogueira
MANAGEMENT OF PEDIATRIC LEUKEMIA: INDUCTION, CONSOLIDATION, AND MAINTENANCE PHASES
Acute leukemias represent the most prevalent neoplasm in childhood, with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) accounting for the majority of cases. Contemporary treatment is structured into risk-stratified protocols and organized into sequential phases: remission induction, consolidation, and maintenance. Induction aims to eradicate most of the leukemic burden to achieve complete remission (CR), while consolidation focuses on eliminating Minimal Residual Disease (MRD), which is the main prognostic predictor. Maintenance, which is long-term, aims to prevent late relapse through low-intensity chemotherapy. Recent advances have enabled the progressive integration of targeted and immunological therapies (such as blinatumomab, daratumumab, and BCL-2 and menin inhibitors) into traditional regimens, contributing to increased cure rates and improved long-term prognosis. Current management requires the integration of structured protocols with precise biological stratification and continuous multidisciplinary support, aiming to maximize cure and reduce toxicity for the child.
THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT OF TOURETTE SYNDROME
Tourette Syndrome (TS) is a chronic neurodevelopmental disorder, more prevalent in males and typically diagnosed in early childhood, characterized by the presence of tics lasting for more than one year, often associated with other mental disorders. It is defined by the presence of involuntary motor and vocal tics (simple and complex) that can reduce quality of life. Although there is no definitive cure, treatment is based on behavioral therapy and pharmacological interventions, such as the use of aripiprazole, haloperidol, among other drugs. There is still limited consensus on the best therapeutic approach due to the various side effects, but these treatments can improve symptoms and, consequently, quality of life. This review aims to analyze contemporary guidelines for diagnosis and intervention strategies. The methodology used is a narrative literature review conducted in 2026, using the PubMed database, with the descriptors “Tourette Syndrome,” “Treatment,” and “Diagnosis.” Articles published in the last five years, available in full text, in Portuguese and English, were included, while those not addressing the topic, duplicates, or with low methodological rigor were excluded. The analysis of the articles shows that the diagnosis of TS is clinical and must be differentiated from tics of other disorders. The use of validated instruments is necessary, with the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS) being the most widely used to assess tic severity, as well as the Premonitory Urge for Tics Scale (PUTS). As an initial therapeutic approach, behavioral therapies are the first option, followed by pharmacological treatment. In severe and refractory TS cases unresponsive to multiple lines of treatment, Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) is considered a therapeutic option. Based on the analysis of the articles, it is concluded that the diagnosis of TS is difficult and exclusionary, requiring a multidisciplinary approach, with an essentially clinical diagnosis combined with standardized instruments. Although it is a syndrome without a cure, combined therapeutic strategies can improve the quality of life of individuals with TS.
THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT OF ACUTE RHEUMATIC FEVER
Acute rheumatic fever (ARF) is a multisystem inflammatory disease resulting from an autoimmune response triggered by infection with Streptococcus pyogenes (group A streptococcus), which may progress to chronic rheumatic heart disease, one of the leading causes of acquired heart disease in children and young adults in low- and middle-income countries. The disease remains a significant global public health issue, particularly among socially vulnerable populations, where factors such as limited access to healthcare services, unfavorable socioeconomic conditions, and challenges in early diagnosis contribute to persistently high morbidity and mortality rates. In this context, appropriate therapeutic management of ARF is essential for controlling systemic inflammation, eradicating the infectious agent, and reducing recurrences associated with the progression of valvular heart damage. The present study consists of a narrative bibliographic review, descriptive and qualitative in nature, conducted using the PubMed database and the descriptor “Rheumatic Fever,” according to the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terminology. Articles published in the last five years and directly related to the therapeutic management of the disease were included. The literature analysis shows that ARF treatment is based on the eradication of streptococci through appropriate antibiotic therapy, control of inflammatory manifestations, and prolonged secondary prophylaxis with benzathine penicillin.
Dyslexia is a specific learning disorder of neurobiological origin that primarily affects reading fluency, word decoding, and spelling skills, and is associated with functional and structural alterations in neural networks responsible for phonological processing. The present study aimed to analyze recent scientific evidence regarding the therapeutic management of dyslexia. This is a narrative bibliographic review conducted using the PubMed database, employing the descriptors dyslexia, treatment, and diagnosis, combined with Boolean operators. Articles published in the last five years, available in full text in Portuguese or English, and directly related to the topic were included. The results indicate that dyslexia has a heterogeneous etiology, involving deficits in phonological, visual, and auditory processing, making accurate differential diagnosis essential to guide effective therapeutic interventions. Educational programs based on phonological training remain the most widely used approach, although they show moderate effects. In this context, personalized therapeutic strategies, based on the identification of specific cognitive mechanisms, demonstrate greater potential effectiveness. Emerging technologies, such as non-invasive brain stimulation and artificial intelligence-based tools, have expanded diagnostic and therapeutic possibilities. It is concluded that dyslexia management should involve a multidimensional approach, integrating educational interventions, technological advances, and psychosocial support, with the aim of improving academic performance and promoting cognitive health throughout life.
THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT OF NON-PUERPERAL MASTITIS
Non-puerperal mastitis (NPM) is a benign, heterogeneous, and uncommon inflammatory breast condition, characterized by its occurrence outside the gestational-puerperal cycle, chronic course, and high recurrence rate, significantly impacting quality of life. The most prevalent clinical forms are Periductal Mastitis (PMD), strongly associated with smoking and nipple inversion, and Granulomatous Lobular Mastitis (GLM), linked to autoimmune disorders and hyperprolactinemia. Due to its similarity to breast carcinoma on imaging, histopathological biopsy is considered the gold standard for differential diagnosis and exclusion of malignancy. Therapeutic management, given the absence of a universal protocol, should be multimodal and individualized. Strategies range from conservative treatment (corticosteroids for GLM and antibiotics for PMD) to surgical interventions, indicated in cases of persistent abscesses and recurrence, always aiming to reduce the high recurrence rates. Systemic risk factors (such as diabetes and hypertension), as well as immunometabolic indicators (e.g., elevated fibrinogen and reduced HDL-C), also influence prognosis and recurrence. Thus, the present study aimed to analyze recent scientific evidence on NPM management strategies, highlighting the need for a multidisciplinary approach and strict control of risk factors to ensure favorable outcomes and preservation of breast health.
THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT OF ACUTE MESENTERIC ISCHEMIA
Introduction: Acute mesenteric ischemia (AMI) is a vascular emergency that occurs when there is a sudden interruption of blood flow to the visceral organs. Because it presents symptoms similar to other common abdominal diseases, it is often overlooked in the early stages. Objective: To gather and systematize the most recent evidence on the diagnosis and treatment of AMI, focusing on strategies to improve patient outcomes. Methodology: A narrative literature review was conducted using the PubMed database, including articles published in the last five years, available in full text in Portuguese or English. Results and Discussion: Computed tomography angiography has become the gold standard for the diagnosis of AMI, as it allows precise visualization of vascular obstructions and intestinal wall changes. The therapeutic approach depends on the cause of ischemia. In arterial occlusions, revascularization is prioritized, either through surgery or endovascular techniques. In mesenteric venous thrombosis, the initial treatment is clinical, with anticoagulation. In arterial occlusion, the main priority is restoring adequate blood flow. In non-occlusive ischemia, the focus is on correcting low blood flow states and using vasodilators. In cases with suspected intestinal necrosis, laparotomy is essential to assess bowel viability. Conclusion: Early diagnosis, combined with imaging methods such as computed tomography angiography, is essential for the rapid definition of therapeutic management. Thus, timely initiation of appropriate treatment is crucial to reduce morbidity and mortality and improve patient prognosis.
NEW TECHNOLOGIES AND THEIR ADVANCEMENT IN THE FIELD OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY LAW
This study analyzed the adaptation of intellectual property law to the challenges of new technologies. The objective was to understand how legais systems protect creators' rights in a globalized digital environment, exploring the evolution of the concept of property, technological challenges, and existing legal and regulatory strategies. The methodology employed was qualitative bibliographic research, which analyzed articles, books, national and international legislation, and reports from organizations such as WIPO. The critical and comparative approach allowed for a comprehensive view of the topic. The results indicate that intellectual property, essential for innovation and development, faces threats such as online piracy and data breaches. In response, legislation continually adapts, driven by agreements such as TRIPs and by tools such as patents, trademark registrations, and copyrights. New technologies, such as blockchain, emerge as promising solutions for the management and protection of intellectual property. The study concludes that constant legislative updates and the adoption of interdisciplinary strategies are essential to balance the protection of creators with access to information and technological advancement in the digital age.
CULTURE, IDENTITY AND RESISTANCE IN THE SPEECH OF THE AFRO-BUENAVENTURA STOWAWAY: A PSYCHOSOCIOLINGUISTIC AND SEMIOTIC READING
This article analyzes the linguistic and semiotic practices of the bonaverense stowaway from an integrated psychosociolinguistic approach. Drawing on a mixed-methods design — qualitatively predominant with descriptive statistical support — the study examines 60 participants from the undocumented migrant community of Buenaventura, Colombia, between 15 and 68 years of age. Analysis reveals that stowaway speech constitutes a hybrid system combining Afro-Bonaverense dialectal Spanish with elements of non-standard African American English and local lexical creations termed polizonismos, producing an atypical form of Spanglish in the Colombian context. Beyond its linguistic dimension, these practices constitute symbolic strategies of identity construction and cultural resistance in contexts of structural exclusion. Semiotic analysis reveals that language is articulated with non-verbal sign systems — clothing, music, corporeality — forming an aesthetic of the "north" that anticipates and projects the migratory project. Findings contribute to understanding migrant language as a situated social practice and challenge deficit-oriented approaches that interpret hybrid speech as anomaly or deficiency.
RECONSTRUCTION OF THE ZYGOMATIC-ORBITAL COMPLEX GUIDED BY ORBITAL VOLUME: A NEW PARADIGM IN THE TREATMENT OF FACIAL FRACTURES
Fractures of the zygomatic-orbital complex (ZOC) represent a significant challenge in oral and maxillofacial surgery due to the anatomical complexity of the orbit and the need for precise functional and aesthetic restoration. Recent evidence demonstrates that alterations in orbital volume are directly associated with postoperative complications, such as enophthalmos and diplopia, making volumetric restoration a critical factor for therapeutic success. In this context, reconstruction guided by orbital volume, based on three-dimensional virtual planning, volumetric measurement using computed tomography, and the use of customized implants, emerges as a new paradigm in the treatment of these fractures. This review critically analyzes recent literature on ZOC reconstruction techniques guided by orbital volume, highlighting their foundations, measurement methods, clinical applications, and impact on functional and aesthetic outcomes. The analyzed studies demonstrate greater anatomical precision, improved orbital symmetry, and a significant reduction in ocular sequelae when compared with conventional approaches, consolidating this strategy as an evolution in the management of complex facial fractures.
TEACHER PERFORMANCE EVALUATION AND SABER 11 RESULTS: AN EDUCATIONAL PARADOX IN A CONTEXT OF HIGH SOCIAL VULNERABILITY. A MIXED-METHODS STUDY AT JOSÉ ACEVEDO Y GÓMEZ EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION, BUENAVENTURA, COLOMBIA (2022–2024)
This article examines the relationship between teacher performance evaluation under Decree 1278 of 2002 and Saber 11 test results at the José Acevedo y Gómez Educational Institution in the District of Buenaventura, Colombia, during the 2022–2024 period. The research employs a sequential explanatory mixed design (QUAN → QUAL), in which descriptive statistical analysis of institutional records and official ICFES reports precedes and guides a qualitative deepening phase grounded in Glaser and Strauss's (1967) grounded theory, conducted through ATLAS.ti software via open, axial, and selective coding processes. Results reveal a structural paradox: while teachers receive predominantly outstanding and satisfactory performance ratings across the three analyzed years, students persistently score at insufficient and minimum levels across all five ICFES-evaluated competencies: Critical Reading, Mathematics, Natural Sciences, Social Studies and Citizenship, and English. Methodological triangulation of sources, methods, and theoretical frameworks establishes that this gap does not reflect weaknesses in pedagogical practice, but rather stems from a complex set of structural adverse conditions including dispersed rurality, discontinuity in subject-specific teacher assignment, limited technological connectivity, accumulated COVID-19 pandemic effects, and public order disruptions in the territory. Four central analytical categories emerge from grounded theory: pedagogical discontinuity, structural limitations of the rural context, teacher commitment, and institutional resilience. These findings contribute to reframing the debate on educational quality in high social vulnerability contexts, questioning the logic of individual teacher accountability and proposing that the interpretation of standardized results must systematically incorporate the territorial determinants that shape teaching and learning processes.
LEGAL TECH AND SOCIAL INCLUSION: EVIDENCE ON THE JUSTICE GAP IN THE UNITED STATES
The justice gap in the United States reflects the structural inability of civil and criminal legal institutions to adequately meet the legal needs of low-income and vulnerable populations. Scholarship consistently demonstrates that a substantial proportion of civil legal needs among economically disadvantaged groups remain unmet or only partially addressed. This article conducts a structured literature review examining empirical and normative research on the role of legal technology in mitigating these structural barriers. Findings indicate that digital self-help tools, AI-assisted systems, online dispute resolution (ODR) platforms, institutional interoperability mechanisms, and digital pro bono initiatives possess the potential to expand informational access, procedural efficiency, and geographic reach. However, such effects are conditional upon inclusive design, regulatory oversight, interoperability standards, public investment, and sustained digital inclusion policies. Legal technology does not operate as an automatic equalizer but as an institutional variable whose distributive impact depends on governance architecture.
FRACTURE TOUGHNESS ANALYSIS OF ASTM A36 STEEL WELDED JOINTS: THE CRITICAL ROLE OF STRESS CONCENTRATORS
The traditional criterion for designing structural elements relies on the material’s elastic limit, a practice that proved inadequate with the advent of welded structures susceptible to cracks. All materials contain imperfections like dislocations, pores, or inclusions, but cracks are the most critical as they act as stress concentrators, leading to catastrophic failure at loads below the design limit. This deficiency prompted the development of Fracture Mechanics, which introduces crack size as a third critical variable alongside load and material properties. Instead of mechanical strength, this field uses fracture toughness to quantify the critical combination of stress, crack size, and a material’s resistance to crack propagation. A key design criterion is to calculate the critical crack size for a given load and, by applying a safety factor, determine the maximum allowable crack size for safe operation. This study investigates the influence of stress concentrators on the fracture toughness of ASTM A36 steel joints welded via the SMAW process, hypothesizing that the heat-affected zone (HAZ) is the most critical area. The primary objective is to identify the most fracture-critical zone within the weldment by experimentally determining the J-integral in the elasto-plastic regime. The findings are crucial for enhancing the design, quality assessment, and structural integrity of welded joints.
EFFECTIVENESS OF ACTIVE BREAKS IN REDUCING OCCUPATIONAL STRESS THROUGH ERGONOMIC INTERVENTIONS AMONG STAFF AT AN EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION IN ANDAHUAYLAS, PERU
This study sought to determine the effectiveness of active breaks in reducing work-related stress by applying ergonomics principles among staff at the Educational Institution in Andahuaylas. An applied deductive method with a pre-experimental design and explanatory scope was used. The population consisted of 24 workers from the Educational Institution; given the small population size, a census sampling approach was employed, resulting in a sample of all 24 workers from the institution located in Andahuaylas. The study was analyzed using STATA statistical software version 15, applying the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results showed that moderate stress levels decreased from 11 to 8 cases, severe stress declined from 13 cases to none, and 16 cases of mild stress were observed following the implementation of active breaks, based on pre- and post-intervention stress level measurements. The findings demonstrate that active breaks significantly reduce work-related stress among employees at the Educational Institution.
INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND ROCK: ANOTHER WAY TO STUDY THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD ECONOMYc
University students in degree programs that analyze the world economy are not usually very enthusiastic about studying contemporary economic history. However, the teaching and learning system facilitates the use of active methodologies, both in lectures and especially in practical sessions, which encourage greater student participation. In this academic context, it is possible to connect the purely economic content of the subject with a topic that is highly attractive to students: popular music, through its most universal expression of the last seventy years: rock music. This article shows the evolution of the rock phenomenon within the international context of the so-called Third Industrial Revolution. The objective is to demonstrate the appeal that linking an element of protest and social discontent, such as that found in rock, with the most relevant events and elements that have defined the international economic order since the Second World War can generate among students.
THE IMPORTANCE OF VALUES IN EARLY CHILDHOOD AND THEIR IMPACTS ON FUTURE BEHAVIOR FROM A NEUROPSYCHOPEDAGOGICAL PERSPECTIVE: A COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN BRAZIL AND JAPAN WITH EMPHASIS ON THE FAMILY CONTEXT
The formation of values in early childhood represents a structuring element of human development, exerting long-term effects on future behavior, social adaptation, and mental health. From a neuropsychopedagogical perspective, this study aims to analyze the importance of values internalized during the first years of life, emphasizing the role of the family as a mediator of affective, cognitive, and social experiences, through a comparative analysis between Brazil and Japan. This research adopts a qualitative bibliographic review based on national and international scientific literature addressing neural plasticity, developmental windows, early interactions, and family educational practices. The findings indicate that the high neural plasticity characteristic of early childhood enhances the internalization of values such as empathy, cooperation, and self-regulation, particularly when supported by secure affective bonds. The study concludes that, despite cultural differences between Brazil and Japan, both contexts recognize the central role of the family in children’s ethical and socio-emotional development, highlighting the importance of integrated and culturally sensitive educational policies and practices.
CHALLENGES IN FETAL SEX DETERMINATION BY ULTRASONOGRAPHY IN CATTLE: THE GESTATIONAL PERIOD FACTOR AND DIAGNOSTIC WINDOW
Fetal sexing is the procedure performed to identify the sex of the fetus during gestation. In cattle, fetal sex determination by ultrasonography represents an important tool for reproductive management, as it enables strategic herd planning and supports productive and economic decision-making. However, its accuracy may be influenced by the gestational period in which the examination is performed, as well as by embryonic and fetal development, in addition to factors related to the experience and technical skill of the operator conducting the examination, which may directly impact diagnostic reliability and productivity. In this context, the present study aimed to analyze the factors influencing fetal sex determination by ultrasonography in cattle, particularly gestational age and the diagnostic window. Findings from the literature indicate that, despite existing challenges, ultrasonography remains the most feasible and cost-effective method for fetal sexing in cattle production systems.
CHALLENGES IN FIELD DIAGNOSIS OF AVIAN POXVIRUS IN WILD BIRDS
Avian poxvirus, belonging to the family Poxviridae and the genus Avipoxvirus (APV), represents an important infectious disease affecting both wild and domestic birds and is characterized by proliferative cutaneous lesions and diphtheritic manifestations in mucosal tissues. The infection shows tropism for keratinocytes and epithelial cells, with viral replication occurring entirely within the cellular cytoplasm, resulting in epithelial hyperplasia and the formation of nodules or diphtheritic plaques. In wild birds, field diagnosis presents significant challenges, as the clinical manifestations of the disease may resemble other dermatological and respiratory conditions, potentially compromising early identification and the implementation of control measures. This study aimed to synthesize and analyze recent scientific literature regarding limitations and advances in the diagnosis of avian poxvirus in wild birds, characterizing the work as a narrative review conducted in the PubMed database, including publications from the last five years in Portuguese and English. The results indicate that although macroscopic evaluation is useful as an initial assessment, diagnostic confirmation depends on laboratory methods such as histopathology and molecular techniques, particularly Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), which enables differentiation of circulating viral clades and phylogenetic monitoring. Due to its high genetic diversity and environmental persistence in contaminated scabs, the epidemiological complexity of the virus is considerable, reinforcing the need for continuous molecular surveillance.
DIAGNOSTIC PROTOCOLS FOR CYSTICERCOSIS IN SWINE: FROM FIELD TECHNIQUES TO ADVANCED SEROLOGICAL APPROACHES
Porcine cysticercosis, a zoonosis caused by Taenia solium, represents a serious public health and economic problem, perpetuated by poor sanitary conditions. In vivo diagnosis remains challenging due to the clinical nonspecificity of the infection. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of field diagnostic protocols with advanced serological approaches. A narrative literature review was conducted using the PubMed database, including articles published within the last five years. The results demonstrated the low sensitivity of traditional techniques, such as tongue palpation and carcass inspection, which often underestimate the actual prevalence, detecting significantly lower rates compared to laboratory methods. In contrast, immunodiagnostic methods, particularly Ag-ELISA and Western Blot, showed greater accuracy, enabling the identification of circulating antigens and mild infections not visually detectable. It was observed that the choice of diagnostic method directly impacts epidemiological mapping and the identification of risk factors. It is concluded that the implementation of more sensitive serological diagnostics, integrated with vaccination and sanitation strategies, is essential for the effective control of the taeniasis–cysticercosis complex.
DIAGNOSTIC PROTOCOLS FOR CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE (CKD) IN DOGS: FROM CLINICAL SCREENING TO LABORATORY CONFIRMATION
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) in dogs is a progressive clinical syndrome characterized by functional and structural renal loss, often diagnosed at advanced stages due to its initially asymptomatic nature. This study presents a narrative review of recent literature on diagnostic protocols for canine CKD, with emphasis on biomarkers, laboratory tests, and clinical parameters. The research was conducted using the PubMed database, including articles published in the last five years in Portuguese and English. Findings highlight the importance of symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) as a more sensitive biomarker than serum creatinine for early detection of reduced glomerular filtration rate, as well as the relevance of serial laboratory evaluations to confirm disease chronicity. Proteinuria was identified as a critical prognostic marker and therapeutic target, while the interaction between intestinal microbiota and renal function reinforces the systemic approach to the disease. Hormonal alterations, such as increased FGF-23 and parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels, as well as electrolyte disturbances, were also shown to be relevant for staging and clinical monitoring. It is concluded that the diagnosis of CKD in dogs should be based on integrative protocols combining functional biomarkers, proteinuria assessment, and monitoring of metabolic disorders, enabling early identification, severity stratification, and therapeutic decision-making aimed at slowing disease progression.