PREVALENCE OF DENTAL DISEASES IN CATS AND PREVENTIVE STRATEGIES

Abstract

Objective: To analyze the incidence of dental diseases in domestic felines treated in veterinary clinics in Brazil, focusing on periodontal conditions, gingivitis and stomatitis, as well as to identify efficient preventive methods for the management of oral health in these animals. The oral condition of domestic felines is a crucial element for their well-being, and diseases such as periodontitis and gingivitis are common, which significantly affect the quality of life of animals. The absence of oral hygiene and the accumulation of bacterial plaque can result in serious problems, such as chronic pain, systemic infections, and even heart and kidney complications. Research shows that periodontal disease is the most frequent oral condition in cats, affecting between 22% and 30% of felines that are treated in veterinary hospitals. In addition, chronic stomatitis and oral tumors, such as squamous cell carcinoma, are less common but also pose significant challenges. Food is crucial in the prevention of dental problems, and dry foods are recommended to reduce the formation of tartar through mechanical abrasion during chewing. The use of dental cookies and foods intended for oral health has also shown beneficial effects in reducing plaque. Daily toothbrushing is seen as one of the most efficient methods to prevent dental problems, even though it meets resistance from caregivers. Raising awareness among cat owners about the relevance of oral hygiene and the application of preventive measures, such as frequent visits to the veterinarian and dental cleanings performed by professionals, are essential for the control and prevention of oral diseases in felines. The implementation of nutritional approaches, regular oral hygiene, and awareness of owners can contribute significantly to reducing the incidence of dental diseases, improving the oral health and quality of life of felines.