USE OF STEM CELLS IN THE REHABILITATION OF DOGS WITH HIP DYSPLASIA – A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Abstract

Objective: To analyze the therapeutic potential of stem cells in the treatment of dogs with hip dysplasia, as well as to compare it with other traditional therapies. Hip dysplasia is a multifactorial disease, common in medium and large breed dogs, characterized by joint incongruence between the acetabulum and the femoral head, resulting in instability and progressive osteoarthritis. Genetic and environmental factors, such as body weight, diet, and physical exercise, play a key role in the progression of the disease, and can directly affect the severity of clinical symptoms. Clinical evaluation, along with radiographic examinations and analysis of synovial fluid, are essential for a more accurate diagnosis of joint changes. Conventional therapy mainly involves the use of anti-inflammatories, physiotherapy, and food supplements. In more severe cases, surgical intervention may be necessary to regain joint function. However, in recent decades, stem cell therapy has been gaining prominence, presenting itself as a promising option in the management of hip dysplasia, but it was only regulated in Brazil in 2020. This strategy promotes cartilage recovery and modulation of the inflammatory response, leading to reduced pain and increased mobility in the animals. Traditional treatment is still essential, as stem cell therapy requires standardization and a high cost, which limits its use on a large scale, but its use is promising, although a very significant challenge.