VIOLENCE IN SILENCE: TIME EVOLUTION OF THE DECADE OF CHANGES IN ADOLESCENT BEHAVIORS IN THE SCHOOLS OF FORTALEZA (2009–2019)

Abstract

This study analyzes the temporal evolution of indicators of violent behavior and exposure to violence among adolescent students in Fortaleza, from 2009 to 2019, based on data from the National School Health Survey (PeNSE). Using a quantitative, descriptive, and retrospective approach, the following indicators were investigated: involvement in physical fights, fights with weapons, sexual violence (harassment), and forced sexual intercourse. In 2009, 13.4% of adolescents in Fortaleza reported involvement in physical fights, a rate that increased to 22.7% in 2012 and subsequently fell to 12.7% in 2019, showing a reduction of 46.6% in the last four years analyzed. Fights with weapons showed an initial increase from 6.3% in 2009 to 7.9% in 2012, followed by a decrease to 4.8% in 2019, totaling a reduction of 28.4% compared to the peak. Sexual violence, measured from 2012 onwards, increased from 12.3% to 14.6% in 2019, while reports of forced sexual intercourse remained relatively stable: 5.9% in 2012, 6.5% in 2015 and 6.3% in 2019. The data reveal progress in reducing physical violence, but also the persistence of severe forms of sexual violence. Statistical analyses indicated significant changes (p<0.05) in several indicators over the decade. The results reinforce the importance of integrated public policies, such as the Health in Schools Program (PSE), to promote safe school environments and prevent risky behavior among adolescents.