IMPACTS ASSOCIATED WITH GROUNDWATER TABLE LOWERING: ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL CONSEQUENCES AND STRATEGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT

Abstract

The groundwater plays an essential role in environmental preservation. It ensures the availability of subterranean water, vital for the survival of fauna and flora, and is also crucial for maintaining ecological balance. Responsible management of this resource is indispensable to protect ecosystems and prevent issues such as contamination and depletion of aquifers. This article explores the importance of groundwater in the context of environmental sustainability, with an emphasis on the need to care for subterranean water. Practical examples will be presented, such as studies conducted in Maceió (AL), Pelotas (RS), and Ribeirão das Neves (MG), which show the risks and best practices related to groundwater lowering. Additionally, the Sustainable Develoment Goals (SDGs) 6, 14, and 15, which address the protection of water resources and terrestrial and aquatic life, will be discussed. Brazilian legislation will also be addressed, such as Bill 1281/2021, which seeks to regulate the use of subterranean water in a balanced and sustainable manner. This work aims to highlight ways to ensure the preservation of this crucial resource for the future generations.