WATER GOVERNANCE AND THE CHALLENGES FOR UNIVERSAL ACCESS

Abstract

Water is an essential resource for life and a human right recognized internationally, but its guaranty still faces significant challenges related to scarcity, mismanagement, and social inequalities. Although the planet has a large volume of water, the portion available for consumption is limited, and losses in supply systems, governance failures, and inadequate practices compromise safe access, especially in developing countries. The current water crisis is not limited to physical availability but primarily involves issues of governance, transparency, and accountability. In this scenario, water integrity emerges as a central element to ensure social justice, management efficiency, and environmental sustainability. Women and girls are disproportionately affected by the precariousness of services, highlighting the need for inclusive public policies aligned with the Sustainable Development Goals, especially SDG 5 and 6. Thus, strengthening ethical practices, expanding social participation, and investing in infrastructure are indispensable measures to guaranty the universal right to water and sanitation.