MAPEO SISTEMÁTICO DE LA LITERATURA SOBRE EMPRENDIMIENTO ACADÉMICO (2014–2024): FACTORES CRÍTICOS, BARRERAS Y PERSPECTIVAS PARA LA TRANSFERENCIA DE TECNOLOGÍA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56238/rcsv15n10-009Palabras clave:
Emprendimiento Académico, Transferencia de Tecnología, Propiedad Intelectual, Startups AcadémicasResumen
La conversión del conocimiento académico en valor económico y social se ha convertido en un desafío estratégico para universidades, gobiernos e industrias, especialmente ante la creciente demanda de innovación y la necesidad de diversificar las fuentes de financiamiento de la investigación. En este contexto, comprender el emprendimiento académico resulta fundamental para analizar cómo el conocimiento científico puede generar impacto económico y social. Este estudio tiene como objetivo mapear y clasificar los dominios conceptuales y las evidencias empíricas sobre el tema, identificar factores críticos de éxito y barreras institucionales, regulatorias, de ecosistema e identidad y elaborar una matriz de factores frente a evidencias. Para ello, se realizó un Mapeo Sistemático de la Literatura (MSL) en las bases de datos Scopus y Web of Science, cubriendo el período 2014–2024, aplicando rigurosos criterios de inclusión, exclusión y calidad mediante la herramienta Parsifal. De este modo, se observa que la literatura converge en la importancia de integrar dimensiones institucionales, regulatorias, ecosistémicas e identitarias, destacando que el énfasis exclusivo en el capital humano resulta insuficiente. Se concluye que el avance del emprendimiento académico depende de la sinergia entre políticas institucionales claras, regulación flexible, ecosistemas colaborativos y fortalecimiento de la identidad emprendedora del científico, configurándose como un eje esencial para la transferencia tecnológica y la innovación sostenible en la educación superior.
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Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial 4.0.
