THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT OF SYSTEMIC ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION (SAH) IN CATS

Abstract

Systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) is a condition frequently diagnosed in older cats, mostly associated with underlying diseases such as hyperthyroidism, chronic kidney disease (CKD), and diabetes mellitus. Due to its high recurrence and the constant confusion with situational hypertension, a thorough study of systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) is highly relevant in the veterinary clinical context. This narrative literature review aims to synthesize the most current scientific evidence regarding the clinical management of the persistently hypertensive patient. The studies analyzed highlight the importance of diagnostic confirmation through serial blood pressure measurements, allowing its differentiation from the so-called "white coat effect," transient hypertension caused by stress during clinical management. Regarding treatment, amlodipine remains the main pharmacological therapy, but its combination with other drugs, such as benazepril or telmisartan, has become highly recommended, especially in cases of insufficient therapy using amlodipine alone. In summary, the clinical approach to systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) requires careful and consistent diagnosis, as well as therapeutic strategies modulated based on the individual needs of each patient, often requiring the use of therapies based on combinations of various drugs, aiming to minimize systemic complications and improve the prognosis of affected animals.