PERIODONTAL SURGERY: SURGICAL ACCESS AND COMPLEMENTARY TECHNIQUES

Abstract

Periodontal surgery represents a fundamental step in the corrective phase of periodontal treatment, being indicated mainly in cases where initial periodontal therapy was insufficient to eliminate deep periodontal pockets and complex anatomical defects. This chapter addresses the principles of periodontal surgical access, highlighting incision techniques, flap types, and the modified Widman flap as a classic approach for root debridement under direct vision. Complementary techniques, such as osteoplasty, ostectomy, and distal wedge procedures, aimed at bone remodeling and elimination of factors that hinder periodontal maintenance, are also discussed. Furthermore, the importance of preoperative preparation, adequate suturing, postoperative management, and continuous periodontal maintenance for achieving clinical stability, reducing periodontal pockets, and preserving dental support tissues is emphasized.