APPLICATIONS AND CHALLENGES AT THE INTERFACE BETWEEN MYCOLOGY AND FORENSIC SCIENCE

Abstract

Forensic Mycology is an emerging field within forensic science dedicated to the study of fungi and their spores in human remains, crime scenes, and environmental evidence. In recent years, this discipline has gained recognition as a valuable tool in death investigations, particularly in situations where traditional methods face limitations. Fungi play a crucial role in determining the post-mortem interval (PMI), locating clandestine burials, and identifying fungal toxins present in human remains. When adverse environmental conditions hinder insect activity or degrade organic traces, forensic mycology can complement or, in some cases, replace traditional techniques such as Forensic Entomology. Recent studies have shown that fungal communities found on human bodies provide detailed information about the decomposition process, aiding in the reconstruction of post-mortem events. Furthermore, fungal spores present on clothing, objects, or soil serve as trace evidence, allowing investigators to establish precise links between victims, suspects, and crime scenes. Mycological analysis can also reveal the displacement of bodies and environmental changes that directly affect criminal investigations. Despite these advances, the field still faces significant challenges. The number of qualified specialists remains limited, while comprehensive molecular databases and complete taxonomic guides are still scarce, hindering the accurate identification of fungal species. Similarly, the integration of Forensic Mycology with other disciplines, such as Botany, Palynology, and Forensic Entomology, as well as its effective application within the judicial system, remains restricted. To consolidate this specialty, it is essential to promote collaborative research among institutions, develop standardized protocols for sample collection and analysis, and invest in training programs for forensic experts. Strengthening forensic mycology represents a crucial step for global forensic science, providing new tools to solve complex crimes and enhancing the accuracy of investigations.