PREVENTION OF DIABETIC FOOT DISEASE: CLINICAL PROFILE AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS

Abstract

Considering the high incidence and magnitude of Diabetes Mellitus and its chronic complications, especially Diabetes-Related Foot Disease (DRFD), which presents high rates of ulceration, amputation, and healthcare costs, the need for screening and prevention strategies based on early identification of risk factors becomes evident. This study aims to identify the sociodemographic and clinical profile, evaluate associated risk factors, and provide guidance to patients regarding the prevention of foot complications. To this end, an observational, analytical, descriptive, and cross-sectional study was conducted with 50 patients with type 2 diabetes receiving outpatient care. Data were collected through a semi-structured questionnaire, clinical foot inspection, neurological tests (monofilament, tuning fork, Achilles reflex), vascular assessment by pulse palpation and ankle-brachial index measurement, in addition to inferential statistical analysis. Thus, a high frequency of inadequate BMI, sedentary lifestyle, hypertension, and dyslipidemia was observed, as well as dermatological, neuropathic, and vascular alterations in the feet, with significant association between clinical findings and ankle-brachial index changes. It is concluded that systematized anamnesis combined with clinical examination and risk stratification constitutes an essential tool for preventing ulcerations and amputations, reinforcing the importance of health education and periodic follow-up.