TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS IN OLDER ADULTS: A LITERATURE REVIEW ON RISK FACTORS, COMPLICATIONS, AND CHALLENGES IN TREATMENT

Abstract

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a highly prevalent chronic condition globally, disproportionately affecting the elderly population due to physiological changes of aging and the accumulation of comorbidities. This article presents a literature review aiming to analyze the magnitude of T2DM in the elderly, its risk factors, the main associated complications, and the challenges faced in treatment. The methodology consisted of a narrative literature review, using official guidelines and recent studies. The results indicate that aging, associated with socioeconomic factors and lifestyle habits, significantly increases the risk of developing the disease. Micro and macrovascular complications compromise the autonomy and quality of life of the elderly, increasing hospitalization rates. It is concluded that the management of T2DM in this population requires a multifaceted approach, considering not only glycemic control but also the preservation of functionality, the adaptation of treatment to socioeconomic conditions, and health education.