IMPACT OF BRUXISM ON TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT OVERLOAD

Abstract

Bruxism is defined as a repetitive activity of the masticatory muscles characterized by teeth clenching or grinding, which may occur during sleep or wakefulness. This parafunctional activity is associated with increased muscular activity and may lead to structural and functional alterations in the stomatognathic system, particularly in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). The present study aimed to analyze the scientific evidence regarding the impact of bruxism on temporomandibular joint overload. This study consists of an integrative literature review conducted using the PubMed and SciELO databases, including articles published between 2016 and 2026 in Portuguese and English. Controlled descriptors related to bruxism and temporomandibular disorders were used and combined through Boolean operators to refine the search strategy. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 16 scientific articles were selected for analysis. The findings indicated that bruxism is frequently associated with hyperactivity of the masticatory muscles, which may increase the mechanical forces exerted on joint structures such as the mandibular condyle and the articular disc. In addition, individuals with bruxism showed a higher prevalence of signs and symptoms related to temporomandibular disorders, including orofacial pain, muscle fatigue, limited mouth opening, and joint sounds. It is concluded that bruxism may significantly contribute to biomechanical overload of the temporomandibular joint, favoring the development or aggravation of temporomandibular disorders. Therefore, early identification and appropriate management of this condition are essential to prevent functional alterations and improve the quality of life of affected individuals.