THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT OF DYSLEXIA

Abstract

Dyslexia is a specific learning disorder of neurobiological origin that primarily affects reading fluency, word decoding, and spelling skills, and is associated with functional and structural alterations in neural networks responsible for phonological processing. The present study aimed to analyze recent scientific evidence regarding the therapeutic management of dyslexia. This is a narrative bibliographic review conducted using the PubMed database, employing the descriptors dyslexia, treatment, and diagnosis, combined with Boolean operators. Articles published in the last five years, available in full text in Portuguese or English, and directly related to the topic were included. The results indicate that dyslexia has a heterogeneous etiology, involving deficits in phonological, visual, and auditory processing, making accurate differential diagnosis essential to guide effective therapeutic interventions. Educational programs based on phonological training remain the most widely used approach, although they show moderate effects. In this context, personalized therapeutic strategies, based on the identification of specific cognitive mechanisms, demonstrate greater potential effectiveness. Emerging technologies, such as non-invasive brain stimulation and artificial intelligence-based tools, have expanded diagnostic and therapeutic possibilities. It is concluded that dyslexia management should involve a multidimensional approach, integrating educational interventions, technological advances, and psychosocial support, with the aim of improving academic performance and promoting cognitive health throughout life.