IMPACT OF PHYSICAL EXERCISES ON THE IMPROVEMENT OF SCIATICA IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC LOW BACK PAIN

Abstract

Chronic low back pain associated with sciatica is a prevalent condition, responsible for significant functional disability and reduced quality of life. Considering the clinical and social impact of this condition, this integrative review aimed to analyze the effectiveness of physical exercise programs, including stretching, muscle strengthening, Pilates, and neural mobilization, in reducing pain and improving functionality in affected patients. The research was conducted based on scientific articles published in the last ten years in databases such as PubMed, SciELO, and LILACS, prioritizing studies that addressed physical interventions in adults with chronic low back pain and sciatica. The findings demonstrated that stretching exercises increase muscle flexibility, promote range of motion, and reduce stiffness and low back pain, being effective when individualized and supervised, including structured methods such as the Godelieve Denys-Struyf approach. Strengthening of trunk stabilizer muscles, especially the core, proved essential for spinal stability, prevention of pain recurrence, and functional improvement, with favorable evidence for practices such as Pilates and resistance training programs, enhanced when combined with neural mobilization. Integrated interventions with a cognitive-behavioral approach, such as Cognitive Functional Therapy, showed positive effects in reducing fear of movement and improving engagement in exercise programs. Despite these promising results, the studies presented limitations such as protocol heterogeneity, small sample sizes, and predominant use of subjective measures. It is concluded that individualized and supervised exercise programs constitute effective strategies for managing chronic low back pain with sciatica, promoting pain relief, functional recovery, and improved quality of life, although future research with standardized protocols and long-term follow-up is needed.