ATOPIC DERMATITIS IN THE PEDIATRIC POPULATION: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF EPIDEMIOLOGY, DIAGNOSIS, AND CLINICAL MANAGEMENT

Abstract

Objective: To critically analyze the scientific production on atopic dermatitis (AD) in the pediatric population, with emphasis on epidemiological aspects, diagnostic criteria, and therapeutic strategies employed in clinical practice. Methodology: This is a systematic review conducted with the objective of synthesizing the main available evidence on atopic dermatitis in pediatric patients. The investigation was guided by the following guiding question: "What are the main factors related to the development of atopic dermatitis in pediatrics, and what clinical repercussions, diagnostic methods, and therapeutic approaches are described in the scientific literature?" The search was conducted in the PubMed database, using four descriptors combined using the Boolean operator "AND". The strategy resulted in the identification of 356 studies. After applying the eligibility criteria, 26 articles were selected for full-text reading, of which 12 comprised the final sample of the review. Results: Atopic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with a high prevalence in childhood, significantly impacting the quality of life of patients and their families. Topical corticosteroids (TCS) remain the first-line therapy, showing consolidated clinical efficacy. However, concerns related to potential adverse effects, especially in the pediatric population, contribute to the underutilization of these drugs. Proactive therapeutic strategies, including the rational use of TCS and the incorporation of topical calcineurin inhibitors (TCIs), demonstrate relevance in maintaining disease control and reducing exacerbations. Conclusion: The need for future investigations focused on analyzing regional factors associated with the prevalence of AD, as well as the development of safer and more effective therapies for the pediatric population, is evident. Furthermore, structured educational interventions and individualized action plans are fundamental to optimizing therapeutic adherence and promoting sustained improvement in the quality of life of affected children.