PENETRATING SCROTAL TRAUMA - CASE REPORT AND LITERATURE REVIEW

Abstract

Introduction and Objective: Penetrating scrotal trauma is a rare but potentially serious condition, with a risk of compromising genital structures. The objective of this study is to review diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to penetrating scrotal injuries, proposing a clinical flowchart to guide medical care.

Method: A case report of scrotal trauma by a metal bar in a patient treated in an emergency room was conducted, followed by a systematic literature review in the PubMed and SciELO databases, without language or period restrictions. Case reports with penetrating or transfixing scrotal injuries were included. The extracted data included the mechanism of trauma, diagnostic tests used, and procedures adopted, allowing for descriptive analysis and the construction of a management flowchart.

Results: Twenty-one cases were analyzed (including the case presented). The most frequently used diagnostic methods were ultrasound (33.33%), computed tomography (33.33%), and radiography (28.57%). Regarding management, surgical exploration was performed in 71.42% of cases; debridement in 47.61%; drain use in 28.57%; and primary closure in 80.95%. Based on these data, a clinical flowchart was developed encompassing hemodynamic assessment, detailed physical examination, imaging studies, and indications for surgical intervention according to suspected injury to scrotal and adjacent structures.

Conclusion: Penetrating scrotal trauma requires a systematic and individualized approach. The publication of reports such as this contributes to the improvement of medical conduct in the face of varied clinical presentations, expanding the diagnostic and therapeutic repertoire of professionals in the areas of emergency medicine and urology.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56238/sevened2025.036-038