PUBLIC HEALTH CHALLENGES IN THE EARLY DIAGNOSIS OF ROTAVIRUS IN CHILDREN: LIMITATIONS, TECHNOLOGIES, AND CLINICAL IMPACT

Abstract

Rotavirus remains one of the leading causes of acute gastroenteritis in children, posing a significant public health problem, particularly in developing countries. Early diagnosis of this infection is crucial for the timely adoption of therapeutic measures, prevention of clinical complications, and strengthening of epidemiological surveillance actions. In this context, the present study aimed to analyze the challenges related to early diagnosis of rotavirus in children, with a focus on structural limitations, regional inequalities, available diagnostic technologies, and the clinical impact of delayed identification of the infection. This is a qualitative study, of the integrative literature review type, conducted through the selection of scientific productions and official documents published in national and international databases. The analysis of the studies allowed the organization of findings into six thematic axes: structural and organizational limitations in early diagnosis; regional inequalities and their impact on child morbidity; collective environments and rotavirus transmission; weaknesses in epidemiological surveillance and information systems; diagnostic technologies and challenges for incorporation into the Unified Health System; and the clinical impact and ethical implications of late diagnosis. The results showed that despite the existence of public policies, clinical protocols, and advances in rotavirus vaccination, there are still difficulties in accessing laboratory diagnosis, case underreporting, and inequality in resource distribution across Brazilian regions. It was also observed that the limited incorporation of diagnostic technologies in primary care contributes to delays in clinical management and an increase in avoidable hospitalizations. It is concluded that strengthening primary care, epidemiological surveillance, and the incorporation of accessible technologies are essential strategies for reducing child morbidity associated with rotavirus.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56238/sevened2026.002-001