THE INFLUENCE OF THE MICROBIOTA–GUT–BRAIN AXIS ON MENTAL HEALTH AND INTESTINAL HEALTH

Abstract

Background: The microbiota–gut–brain axis (MGBA) represents a complex communication network integrating neural, immune, endocrine, and metabolic systems, critically linking intestinal health to mental health. Scientific literature has consistently demonstrated that the gut microbiota plays a regulatory role in neurotransmitter synthesis, modulation of neuroinflammation, and significantly influences cognitive function and emotional state. Objective: This study aims to provide a comprehensive and critical review of the biological and dietary mechanisms that affect the functionality of the microbiota–gut–brain axis. Additionally, it seeks to explore the potential of dietary interventions as adjunct therapeutic tools in the management of neuropsychiatric disorders. Methods: A review of scientific evidence published between 2017 and 2024 was conducted. The databases consulted included PubMed, SciELO, and Scopus. Inclusion criteria encompassed articles in English and Portuguese addressing the relationship between gut microbiota, diet, and mental health, with a focus on systematic reviews, clinical trials, and experimental studies. Results: The literature review highlighted the significant impact of the Mediterranean diet and the regular intake of prebiotics and probiotics as promoters of mental health through positive modulation of the MGBA. In contrast, the deleterious effects of the Western diet—characterized by high intake of processed foods, saturated fats, and sugars— on mental health were noted, frequently associated with gut dysbiosis and increased neuroinflammation.Conclusions: Modulating the gut microbiota through dietary strategies emerges as a promising and relevant approach in the context of mental health. A deeper understanding of the mechanisms involved in the MGBA is essential for the development of personalized and effective nutritional interventions in the prevention and complementary treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders.

DOI:https://doi.org/10.56238/sevened2025.031-037