JUST ENERGY TRANSITION IN THE AMAZON: ECONOMIC AND SUSTAINABLE ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SOURCES FOR RIVERSIDE COMMUNITIES

Abstract

Access to safe and sustainable electrical energy is an essential element for socio-economic development, particularly in remote regions of the Brazilian Amazon. This paper carries out a comparative cost-benefit analysis of three electrification alternatives: off-grid photovoltaic systems, diesel generators, and informal network, based on a case study in the riverside community of Nazaré, Abaetetuba-PA. Employing tools from economic engineering and sustainability metrics, the study evaluates implementation, operational, and maintenance costs, as well as nets present value, cost per kWh generated, and environmental impact. The findings indicate that, although requiring higher initial investments, off-grid photovoltaic systems demonstrate greater economic efficiency in the long term and have a lower socio-environmental impact. This makes them a viable solution for low-income communities, highlighting the potential of solar energy as a strategic approach to energy inclusion. The study supports efforts to reduce inequalities and promote a just energy transition, aligning with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs 7, 10, and 13).

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56238/sevened2025.036-025