THE DYNAMICS OF SOIL ORGANIC CARBON IN THE CAATINGA: IMPACT OF EDAPHOCLIMATIC CHARACTERISTICS, DEGRADATION, AND VEGETATION REGENERATION

Abstract

The Caatinga, one of the most representative biomes in Brazil, occupies an extensive area in the Semi-arid region, characterized by severe edaphoclimatic limitations, such as a semi-arid climate, high temperatures, and shallow, low-fertility soils. Nevertheless, this biome has high ecological potential, especially in regulating the carbon cycle, being capable of storing organic carbon in the soil when its xerophilous vegetation is preserved. This book chapter explores the crucial interactions between vegetation cover, edaphoclimatic conditions, and the dynamics of soil organic carbon (SOC) in the Caatinga. It analyzes how irregular rainfall patterns, intense evapotranspiration, and poor soils influence carbon storage. It discusses the effects of anthropogenic pressure (deforestation and overgrazing), which accelerate degradation and transform the soil into a source of CO₂. In contrast, it highlights the strategic role of natural vegetation regeneration in restoring SOC stocks, soil fertility, and ecosystem resilience. The observations reinforce the need for sustainable management strategies for the conservation of native vegetation, essential for mitigating climate change and maintaining ecosystem services.