CLINICAL-EPIDEMIOLOGICAL, ANESTHETIC-SURGICAL, AND HEMOTRANSFUSIONAL CHARACTERIZATION: INTRACRANIAL ONCOLOGICAL NEUROSURGERY

Abstract

Elective intracranial oncological neurosurgery involves procedures of high technical and anesthetic complexity, associated with significant risks of perioperative complications, including hemodynamic instability, substantial blood loss, and the need for transfusion of blood components. In addition, clinical, sociodemographic, behavioral, and anesthetic-surgical factors may directly influence postoperative outcomes. In view of the above, this study aims to describe the clinical-epidemiological profile, anesthetic-surgical management, and hemotransfusional aspects. This is a cross-sectional study conducted in a tertiary hospital with patients who underwent elective intracranial oncological neurosurgery between January 2020 and December 2022, whose data were collected from electronic medical records. In the sample (n = 43), the following characteristics stood out: female sex (65.1%), age equal to or greater than 60 years (39.5%), white skin color (97.7%), current or previous smoking (25.6%), alcohol consumption (51.2%), non-eutrophic patients (62.5%), with comorbidities (100.0%) and previous surgeries (83.7%). In the anesthetic-surgical management, surgical time between 241 and 320 minutes (44.2%), general anesthesia (100.0%), orotracheal intubation (100.0%), and supine position (88.4%) were observed. Blood component reservation and transfusion occurred in 95.3% and 65.1% of the procedures, respectively. The results showed that patients undergoing elective oncological neurosurgery in the neurosurgery service in question are predominantly women, older adults, non-eutrophic, with comorbidities and previous surgeries, undergoing procedures in the supine position, with prolonged surgical time, general anesthesia, and orotracheal intubation. Elective intracranial oncological neurosurgery involves patients with high clinical complexity, in whom sociodemographic, behavioral, and anesthetic-surgical aspects influence perioperative outcomes and, consequently, may support strategies for individualized management, optimization of anesthetic and hemotransfusional protocols, and improvement of safety and quality of care.