IDIOPATHIC CONDYLAR RESORPTION AFTER ORTHOGNATHIC SURGERY: ETIOPATHOGENIC ASPECTS AND CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS

Abstract

Idiopathic condylar resorption (ICR) is a multifactorial complication associated with orthognathic surgery, characterized by the progressive loss of volume and height of the mandibular condyle, leading to significant functional and aesthetic repercussions. This study carried out an integrative literature review aimed at identifying the main etiopathogenic mechanisms, risk factors, and clinical implications related to postoperative ICR. Studies published between 2000 and 2024 were analyzed from the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and SciELO databases, encompassing clinical, radiographic, and histopathological evidence. It was observed that ICR occurs predominantly in young women and is influenced by hormonal variations, biomechanical overload, and anatomical predisposition. The magnitude of mandibular advancement and counterclockwise rotation of the occlusal plane are among the main mechanical factors associated with resorption. The pathophysiological changes involve an imbalance in bone remodeling, low-grade chronic inflammation, and failure of joint adaptation. Clinically, ICR manifests as mandibular relapse, occlusal instability, and temporomandibular joint pain, which may require treatments ranging from conservative therapy to complex surgical reconstructions. It is concluded that early diagnosis, individualized planning, and continuous three-dimensional monitoring are essential to reduce the incidence and severity of this complication, reinforcing the importance of preventive and multidisciplinary approaches in postoperative management.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56238/sevened2025.037-010